Adrenal insufficiency (AI) is an endocrine disorder characterized by adrenal hypofunction, primarily resulting in cortisol deficiency. AI can be primary (PAI), secondary (SAI) or tertiary (TAI) and, depending on the aetiology, the production of mineralocorticoids and adrenal androgens might also be affected. Download Image

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) arises from microvascular damage sustained during diabetes and will affect approximately one-third of patients with type 1 diabetes and half of patients with type 2 diabetes. Download Image

Hypothyroidism is a condition of thyroid hormone deficiency with variable presentation and nonspecific symptoms, which in severe cases can result in life-threatening myxoedema coma (multiple organ dysfunction, progressive mental deterioration and even coma). Download Image

Hypoparathyroidism is characterized by inadequately low circulating levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH), which causes hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. The main clinical symptoms, such as tingling, muscle cramps and seizures, are the result of increased neuromuscular irritability. Download Image

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder associated with hyperglycemia caused by impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance. Download Image